Pneumotorax

Pneumotorax je stav, při kterém pronikne vzduch ze plic do pleurální dutiny (pohrudniční dutiny) – dutina obalující plíce. Nejčastěji pneumotorax vzniká při poranění hrudníku či plic, a při některých lékařských zákrocích.

Pneumotorax dělíme zpravidla na uzavřený, otevřený a záklopkový. Většinou se objevuje pneumotorax pouze jedné plíce, je tedy ztíženo dýchání, ale životní funkce je zachována.

Při tzv. uzavřeném pneumotoraxu se místo, kterým vzduch z plic unikl do pohrudniční dutiny, ihned uzavře. Někdy tento případ také nazýváme jako jednorázový pneumotorax.

Otevřený pneumotorax se objevuje hlavně při poranění hrudní stěny, jícnu či průdušek a při zlomeninách žeber, jak název napovídá, místo průniku vzduchu do pohrudniční dutiny zůstává otevřené.

V případě záklopkového nebo ventilového pneumotoraxu se místo poranění při nádechu otevírá a při výdechu zavírá – vzduch se tedy hromadí v pleurální dutině a nemůže ven. Přibývající vzduch postupně tlačí i na druhou plíci a ostatní orgány, čímž narušuje i jejich funkci.

Čtěte také: Zásady první pomoci: Poranění hrudníku

Co dělat při poranění hrudníku?

Pneumotorax často vzniká jako důsledek jiných plicních chorob (cystická fibróza, plicní obstrukční nemoc), objevuje se více u chlapců či mužů, zejména pokud se v rodině opakovaně vyskytují pneumotoraxy. K onemocnění jsou také náchylnější s tzv. Marfanovým syndromem.

Mezi hlavní příznaky pneumotoraxu patří bolest na hrudi, pocity dušnosti a dráždivý těžký kašel. V případě, že se jedná o otevřený pneumotorax, v ráně se při výdechu objevuje zpěněná krev. Typický je také zvuk unikajícího vzduchu.

Při podezření na pneumotorax je nutné vyhledat lékařskou pomoc.

Část těla
hrudník
Délka léčby
dlouhodobá
Způsob léčby
nutná hospitalizace
Věk
dospělí, senioři
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Upozorníme vás na články, které by vám neměly uniknout (maximálně 2x týdně).
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